Elemental analysis
For detecting nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the halogens
Boiling point
For liquids
Melting point
For solids
Solubility
Classification by solubility gives information about functional groups, particularly acidic and basic ones
Carbon nmr spectrum
Indicates the types of carbons present and the number of protons attached to each
Infra red spectrum
Gives information about bonds and especially about functional groups
Mass spectrum
Shows molecular and fragment ions
Proton nmr spectrum
Indicates the types and numbers (ratio) of protons
Ultraviolet spectrum
For compounds with multiple bonds, particularly when conjugated
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unused

unused

Acetyl chloride reaction
alcohols, primary and secondary amines and phenols
Benzenesulfonyl chloride reaction
amines
Bromine in dichloromethane reaction
unsaturated compounds and phenols
Bromine in water reaction
unsaturated compounds and phenols
Chromic acid test
alcohols
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction
aldehydes and ketones
Ferric chloride test
phenols and enols
Ferrous hydroxide test
nitro compounds
Ferrox test
ethers (and other oxygen-containing compounds)
Hydrolysis reaction
amides, cyanides and esters
Hydroxamic acid test in aqueous ethanol
esters
Hydroxamic acid test in propanediol
amides and cyanides
Iodoform test
methyl ketones
Lucas test
alcohols
Potassium permanganate reaction
alkenes (and other easily oxidised compounds)
Schiff's test
aldehydes
Silver nitrate in ethanol reaction
compounds with a reactive halogen
Sodium iodide in acetone reaction
compounds with a reactive halogen
Tollens' test
aldehydes
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unused

unused

Acid formed by hydrolysis
amides, esters and cyanides
Acid formed by oxidation
alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (with or without halo or nitro substituents) and sometimes for aromatic aldehydes
Amide
carboxylic acids, acyl halides and anhydrides
Anilide
alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, acyl halides and anhydrides
Aryloxyacetic acid
phenols
Benzamide
primary and secondary amines
Benzenesulfonamide
primary and secondary amines
Brominated product
phenols and aromatic ethers
3,5-Dinitrobenzoate 
alcohols and phenols
2,4-Dintrophenylhydrazone
aldehydes and ketones
1-Naphthylurethane
alcohols and phenols
Nitration product
aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds
Oxime
aldehydes and ketones
Phenylurethane
alcohols
Picrate
amines
Reduction product
cyanides and nitro compounds
Semicarbazone
aldehydes and ketones
4-Toluidide
carboxylic acids, acyl halides and anhydrides
Neutralisation equivalent
carboxylic acids
Saponification equivalent
esters
